SELECT 
  category_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  category_id = 276 
  AND (
    usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(0, usergroup_ids) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(1, usergroup_ids)
  ) 
  AND status IN ('A', 'H') 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1)

Query time 0.00015

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_categories",
          "access_type": "const",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "c_status", "p_category_id"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["category_id"],
          "ref": ["const"],
          "rows": 1,
          "filtered": 100
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}